|
|
Toxicology of opioid analgesics and their impact on traffic accidents in the Moravian-Silesian Region
DOBIÁŠOVÁ, Marcela
The bachelor thesis is devoted to the issue of the use of opioid analgesics, their effect on traffic accidents and accidents caused under the influence. Opioid analgesics, which belong to the group of narcotic and psychotropic substances, are still a topical topic, as a large number of traffic accidents are caused by drivers who are under their influence. The theoretical part is devoted mainly to history, classification of opioid analgesics, distribution of narcotic and psychotropic substances, list of drugs containing narcotic and psychotropic substances in the Czech Republic, occurrence of side effects, addictions, route of administration, detection of addictive substances in the body, but also drug policy strategy in Moravian-Silesian Region, the Czech Republic and the European Union. The practical part is focused on the comparison of traffic accidents caused under the influence of opioid analgesics in the years 2014-2018 in the Moravian-Silesian Region. In the practical part, I processed the results based on the statistics of the Police of the Czech Republic. After evaluating the results, it was found that in the period 2014-2018, the number of traffic accidents under the influence of opioid analgesics increased in the Moravian-Silesian Region, but there was a decrease in traffic accidents caused under the influence of alcohol. At the same time, there was a reduction in the number of people who were slightly injured, severely injured and killed. The result also showed that the most accidents that were caused in the period under the influence of addictive substances were in the South Moravian Region.
|
|
|
Specifics of the use of opioids as important immunomodulators in the treatment of pain
Švubová, Veronika ; Hejnová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vašek, Daniel (referee)
This work deals with the specifics associated with the use of opioid analgesics in pain relief. In terms of antinociceptive effects, opioids have not yet been surpassed by other available drugs. However the use of these analgesics is quite problematic in many respects. For over 30 years, studies have shown that opioids can adversely affect components of the immune system (IS) and thus the overall condition of the patient. To understand the relationship between opioids and IS, it is necessary to know the mechanisms leading to immunomodulatory processes. Contact with opioids occurs at the cellular interface through interactions with opioid receptors (ORs). Within IS, we encounter all three basic types of OR - μ (MOR), δ (DOR), κ (KOR) and non-classical nociceptin receptors (NOP). Stimulation of these receptors induces activation of signaling cascades in target cells which can lead to dysregulation of cellular processes, thus modulating the immune response. However, the effect of opioids on IS cells may not be exclusively direct. More complex regulatory pathways have been found, involving parts of the central nervous system (CNS), the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and endocrine-active tissues. Activation of these pathways then affects the activity of whole lymphoid organs. Each cell type within an...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
